前置知识:无穷小的比较
求limx→0ex−e−xsinx\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{{e^x}-e^{-x}}{\sin x}x→0limsinxex−e−x
解:原式=limx→0x−(−x)x=limx→02xx=2=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{x-(-x)}{x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{2x}{x}=2=x→0limxx−(−x)=x→0limx2x=2
求limx→0ex2−cosxxln(1+2x)\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{e^{x^2}-\cos x}{x\ln (1+2x)}x→0limxln(1+2x)ex2−cosx
解:原式=ex2−1+1−cosxx⋅2x=limx→0ex2−12x2+limx→01−cosx2x2=limx→0x22x2+limx→012x22x2=12+14=34=\dfrac{e^{x^2}-1+1-\cos x}{x\cdot 2x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{e^{x^2}-1}{2x^2}+\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{1-\cos x}{2x^2}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{x^2}{2x^2}+\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\frac 12x^2}{2x^2}=\dfrac 12+\dfrac 14=\dfrac 34=x⋅2xex2−1+1−cosx=x→0lim2x2ex2−1+x→0lim2x21−cosx=x→0lim2x2x2+x→0lim2x221x2=21+41=43
当x→0x\rightarrow0x→0时,有无穷小量α=1−cos2x,β=tanx−sinx,γ=1−sin4x−1\alpha=1-\cos 2x,\beta=\tan x-\sin x,\gamma=\sqrt{1-\sin^4x}-1α=1−cos2x,β=tanx−sinx,γ=1−sin4x−1,将α,β,γ\alpha,\beta,\gammaα,β,γ按后一个是前一个的高阶无穷小的顺序排列。
解:
α=1−cos2x=12(2x)2=2x2\qquad \alpha=1-\cos 2x=\dfrac 12(2x)^2=2x^2α=1−cos2x=21(2x)2=2x2
β=tanx−sinx=tanx(1−cosx)=x⋅12x2=12x3\qquad \beta=\tan x-\sin x=\tan x(1-\cos x)=x\cdot \dfrac 12x^2=\dfrac 12x^3β=tanx−sinx=tanx(1−cosx)=x⋅21x2=21x3
γ=1−sin4x−1=−12sin4x=−14x4\qquad \gamma=\sqrt{1-\sin ^4 x}-1=-\dfrac 12\sin^4x=-\dfrac 14x^4γ=1−sin4x−1=−21sin4x=−41x4
\qquad综上所述,排列顺序为α,β,γ\alpha,\beta,\gammaα,β,γ